In the world of firearms, the term double action pistol often comes up in discussions about shooting mechanics and firearm types. But what exactly does “double action” mean, and how does it differ from other types of pistols? This article will explore the concept of a double action pistol, its mechanics, benefits, and how it compares to other action types.
1. What Is a Double Action Pistol?
A double action pistol refers to a type of firearm that allows the shooter to both cock the hammer and fire the pistol with a single pull of the trigger. This mechanism is called “double action” because the trigger performs two functions: cocking the hammer and then releasing it to fire the round.
2. Mechanics of a Double Action Pistol
The operation of a double action pistol involves two key steps in a single trigger pull:
- Cock the Hammer: When the shooter pulls the trigger, it first cocks the hammer (or striker) to its rear position. In traditional double action pistols, this involves moving the hammer back through a mechanical linkage.
- Fire the Round: As the trigger continues to be pulled, it releases the hammer, which strikes the firing pin and ignites the cartridge. The force from the hammer firing the round also pushes the slide back, ejecting the spent casing and chambering a new round.
In double action mode, this entire process occurs with each trigger pull, meaning the shooter does not need to manually cock the hammer before each shot.
3. Types of Double Action Pistols
There are several variations of double action pistols, each offering different features:
- Traditional Double Action (DA/SA): In this system, the first shot is fired in double action mode, with the trigger performing both cocking and firing functions. Subsequent shots can be fired in single action mode, where the hammer is already cocked by the cycling of the slide, resulting in a lighter and shorter trigger pull. Examples include the Beretta 92 and Sig Sauer P226.
- Double Action Only (DAO): In DAO pistols, all shots are fired in double action mode. The hammer remains in the forward position after each shot, and the trigger must perform both actions each time. This system is known for its consistent trigger pull for every shot. Examples include the Glock 19 and the Smith & Wesson Sigma series.
- Striker-Fired Double Action: Some modern pistols use a striker mechanism rather than a traditional hammer. These pistols are often referred to as having a “double action” because the trigger partially cocks the striker before releasing it. Examples include the Glock series and the Smith & Wesson M&P series.
4. Advantages of Double Action Pistols
Double action pistols offer several benefits:
- Safety: The double action mechanism requires a longer and heavier trigger pull compared to single action pistols, which can help reduce accidental discharges. The initial long trigger pull makes it less likely for the gun to be fired unintentionally.
- Consistency: With double action only (DAO) pistols, the trigger pull remains consistent for each shot, which can help shooters develop a uniform shooting technique.
- No Need for Cocking: Double action pistols do not require manual cocking of the hammer before each shot, which simplifies the shooting process and makes the firearm quicker to deploy in defensive situations.
5. Disadvantages of Double Action Pistols
Despite their advantages, double action pistols have some drawbacks:
- Trigger Pull Weight: The longer and heavier trigger pull of a double action pistol can make it more challenging to shoot accurately, especially for those who are not used to the mechanism.
- Learning Curve: Shooters may need to practice more to master the double action trigger pull, particularly if transitioning from a single action or striker-fired pistol.
- Trigger Reset: In some double action pistols, the trigger reset (the distance the trigger needs to move to reset after firing) can be longer compared to single action models, which might affect rapid shooting.
6. Double Action vs. Single Action
Understanding the differences between double action and single action pistols can help you choose the right firearm for your needs:
- Single Action Pistols: In single action pistols, the trigger performs only one function—releasing the already cocked hammer. This typically results in a lighter and shorter trigger pull compared to double action pistols. Examples include the Colt 1911 and many 1911-style pistols.
- Double Action/Single Action (DA/SA) Pistols: These pistols can operate in both modes, offering the initial double action for safety and the single action for a lighter follow-up trigger pull. This combination can provide the best of both worlds for some shooters.
- Striker-Fired Pistols: While not strictly single or double action, striker-fired pistols combine elements of both systems. The trigger performs the function of partially cocking and then releasing the striker, often resulting in a consistent and manageable trigger pull. Examples include Glock and Smith & Wesson M&P series.
7. Popular Double Action Pistols
Here are a few popular double action pistols that showcase the variety within this category:
- Beretta 92FS: A classic DA/SA pistol known for its accuracy, reliability, and military history.
- Sig Sauer P226: A well-regarded DA/SA pistol used by military and law enforcement agencies worldwide.
- Glock 19 (DAO/Striker-Fired): While not a traditional double action, the Glock 19’s striker-fired mechanism provides a consistent trigger pull similar to a DAO system.
Conclusion
A double action pistol is a firearm designed to perform both cocking and firing functions with a single trigger pull. This mechanism offers several benefits, including enhanced safety and consistent trigger pull, but also comes with challenges such as a heavier initial trigger pull. Understanding the different types of double action pistols and their advantages and disadvantages can help you make an informed decision based on your shooting preferences and needs.
Whether you’re considering a double action pistol for self-defense, sport shooting, or as part of your collection, knowing the key features and benefits will help you choose the right firearm for your situation.
